food authentication (4)

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Metabolic markers are considered as a promising choice for food authentication, but few metabolic markers were available to develop robust analytical methods for food authentication in routine control. Untargeted metabolomics by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is increasingly used to discover new metabolic markers. This review summarises the general workflow, recent applications, advantages, limitations, and future needs of untargeted metabolomics by LC-MS for identifying metabolic markers. It concludes that untargeted metabolomics by LC-MS shows great efficiency to discover the metabolic markers for the authenticity assessment of biological identity, geographical origin, agricultural production, processing technology, freshness, and cause of animals’ death.

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MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry has been the technique of choice in many applications of food authentication because of requiring simple pretreatments even with complex samples, its ease of use, and speed in giving results. This review discusses the advantages of using MALDI-TOF, and examines its published application to authenticating milk and dairy products, oils, meat, fish and seafood, fruits and vegetables, truffles, and even insect proteins. 

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The  development of rapid non-destructive hand held devices for testing for food authenticity has been growing at a pace in recent years. US researchers have developed the MasSpec Pen technology, which is placed on the food and connects with a mass spectrometer that employs a solvent droplet and gives an answer in 15 seconds.The MasSpec Pen has been used to authenticate grain-fed beef, grass-fed beef, venison, cod, halibut, Atlantic salmon, sockeye salmon, and steelhead trout. Statistical models developed with the Lasso method using a training set of samples yielded per-sample accuracies of 95% for the beef model, 100% for the beef versus venison model, and 84% for the multiclass fish model. In addition, feasibility testing for classifying venison and grass-fed beef samples adulterated with grain-fed beef achieved prediction accuracies of 100% for both classifiers using test sets of samples.

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4340533394?profile=RESIZE_710xThe March 2020 Foods Journal has a special issue on “Food Authentication: Techniques, Trends and Emerging Approaches” consisting of  12 articles (11 original research articles and 1 review), which focus on the development and application of analytical techniques and emerging approaches in food authentication. The research papers cover the authentication of foods with high commercial value, such as olive oil, Iberian ham or fruits, among others. The review examines the potential of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) as a valuable technique to determine small metabolites in food tissue sections without requiring purification, extraction, separation or labelling. It can be used not only to identify the composition of foods, but also to investigate among other applications, their geographical origin for improved traceability, food safety and breed enhancement. 

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