This review (open access) covers technological and digital solutions to mitigate food fraud risk, concentrating on recent developments. It categorises solutions as either systematic interventions (e.g. risk prioritisation databases, digital fraud prediction tools), fraud detection techniques (analytical test methods) or package-level technologies (e.g. traceability systems, anti-counterfeiting markers, RFID tags).
It concludes that a notable gap exists in converting laboratory based sophisticated technologies to tools in high-paced, live industrial applications. New frontiers such as handheld laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (liBS) and smart-phone spectroscopy have emerged for rapid food authentication. Multifunctional devices with hyphenating sensing mechanisms that are combined with deep learning strategies to compare food fingerprints can be a great leap forward in the industry. Combination of different technologies such as spectroscopy and separation techniques will also be superior where quantification of adulterants are preferred. with the advancement of automation these technologies will be able to be deployed as in-line scanning devices in industrial settings to detect food fraud across multiple points in food supply chains.
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