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In common with most jurisdictions, India has regulatory analytical criteria for authentic honey.  This includes various stable isotope ratios.

In this study (open access) the researchers set out to construct an analytical database of fully traceable authentic honeys in order to verify the criteria set by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India.

They collected 98 authentic samples (covering 19 botanical sources, 42% multifloral and 58% monofloral).  They covered 17 states and provinces.  Sample were from collection centres of the All-India Coordinated Research Project on Honey Bees and Pollinators (AICRP, HB&P), under the auspices of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).   In addition, beekeepers registered with the National Bee Board (NBB) were also identified for sample collection. All samples were fully traceable.

The researchers generated a database of stable carbon isotope ratios (¹³C/¹²C) by Elemental Analyzer/Liquid Chromatography–Isotopic Ratio Mass Spectrometry (EA/LC-IRMS). The samples were analyzed for the parameters δ¹³C_Honey(δ¹³C_H), δ¹³C_Protein(δ¹³C_P), δ¹³C individual sugars, ∆δ¹³C_{Protein-Honey}(δ¹³C_P-H), C4 sugar, ∆δ¹³C_{Fructose-Glucose}(δ¹³C_Fru-Glu), ∆δ¹³C_max, and foreign oligosaccharides as per the official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC 998.12) and the FSSAI.

The results were evaluated against the published literature and Indian regulatory criteria for authentic honey. The δ¹³C value for honey (δ¹³C_H) ranged from −22.07 to −29.02‰. It was found that 94% of samples met the criteria for Δδ¹³C_P-H (≥−1.0‰), Δδ¹³C_Fru-Glu (±1.0‰), and C4 sugar content (7% maximum), with negative C4 sugar values treated as 0% as prescribed by the AOAC method.  86% of samples met the accepted foreign oligosaccharide criteria (maximum 0.7% peak area).

They conclude that the data of this study provide scientific backing for these four parameters as per the FSSAI regulation. However, the non-compliance of a high number (47%) of authentic honey samples for Δδ¹³C_max (±2.1‰) compels further systematic investigation with a special focus on bee feeding practices. Further, they found that honey samples with a Δδ¹³C_P-H greater than +1‰ and a C4 sugar content more negative than −7% also did not comply with the Δδ¹³C_max criteria. They suggest that Δδ¹³C_P-H values (>+1‰ equivalent to C4 sugar < −7%) could be an indicator of C3 adulteration to some extent.

The Indian Council of Agricultural Research Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR-CIFT) in Kochi has just hosted a national workshop on Food Authenticity and Traceability using Omics Techniques.

ICAR-CIFT has also signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Waters (a large laboratory instrument supplier) to act as a showcase laboratory and application development centre for authenticity testing.   The announcement is expected to boost research and builds on the regional hub in and around Kochi of laboratories with expertise in fish analysis.

The ICAR-CIFT announcement is here.

Alcohol has emerged as the sector with the largest number of counterfeit cases in India in 2020, with experts attributing this to a lack of enforcement as well as high profits available for counterfeiters during the COVID-19 crisis.

Apart from alcohol, multiple other everyday food items in India including cumin seeds, mustard oil and ghee were mentioned as major sectors affected by counterfeiting activity.

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The State of Counterfeiting in India 2020 report, performed by the Authentication Solution Provider's Association (ASPA), determined that counterfeit incidents rose by nearly a quarter between 2018 and 2019, with a 21% rise specifically in the food & beverage sector.

The rise in food fraud could negatively impact India's new "Make In India" campaign, which was launched in 2014 and aimed at making India a global hub of manufacturing by encouraging companies to manufacture their products in the companyThe report emphasises the importance of ensuring products are genuine and safe to consumer trust.

Read more about the report and it's details here on Food Navigator Asia.

Cyber Crime Police Units in India are to use a procedure of mapping the geographical locations of crime spots identified during the crackdown on food adulteration so as to help the police keep a tab on them.

This is not a new procedure since this method is used to geotag other incidents such as accident hot-spots but it is being used in adulteration cases for the first time in India.

Data on manufacturing units sealed or against whom action was initiated on charges of adulteration will be compiled with photographs and location and shared with all Surveillance Officers together with information on the geotagged adulteration units.

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In the recent survey, conducted by the Food and Drug Administration Department of India under the milk survey of Food Safety and Standard Authority, the apex regulatory body to ensure food standards and quality in the country, 25 per cent of milk samples failed the quality check.

These samples were not only taken from dairies but also from milk packets.

“Under the survey, conducted by the FSSAI across the nation, we have collected 45 samples from various dairies and packaging units of the city. Over 10 samples have failed to clear the quality test including four contain sodium bicarbonate,” senior food safety officer Manish Swami said.

He said that samples of Mahindra Saboro, the packaged milk launched by Mahindra and Mahindra, were also failed as they contain sodium bicarbonate. “Samples of Saboro were also failed and many of the samples contain more water. Milk samples were also found to contain a neutraliser (sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydroxide) to increase the shelf life of milk. Many samples had fat content lower than what was prescribed by the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 (PFA),” he added.

However, samples taken from rural areas were found even better than the set standards in terms of fat content and quality. Swami said that they would serve notices to the adulterators and also send our report to the FSSAI.

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