In this study (purchase required) the researchers used bioinformatics methods to identify specific sequences of cattle, pig, chicken, and duck, and designed primers and probes accordingly.
They developed a method based on recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) combined with lateral flow dipstick (LFD) for rapid visual authentication of beef and beef products. The RPA reaction was conducted at 37℃ for 20 min. The amplification products were then diluted and applied to the sample pad of the LFD. Results were visible to the naked eye within 5 minutes.
They report that the results demonstrated the method could specifically differentiate components of bovine, porcine, chicken, and duck origin, with a limit of detection (LOD) of approximately 20 copies for each species.
They applied the method to 10 commercially available beef products. Of which, five samples were detected with porcine-derived components. The results of the RPA–LFD method were verified using PCR and observed to be consistent between the methods.
The researchers conclude that this method is easy to use, requires no specialized equipment, and delivers results in about 30 min from amplification to detection, making it suitable for rapid visual detection on-site.
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