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  IAEA have just published a book on AI accelerating nuclear applications, science and technology.  Chapter 5 deals with AI applications to food and agriculture, and in particular to food authenticity methods, food fraud detection and traceability. The advantages and limitations for AI, and ML (machine learning) applications are discussed in sample preparation and calibration involved with authenticity methodology, the advantages of data sharing, but with the proviso that data-driven decision-making is only as good as the data used. 

Read the abstract here and the full pdf version of the book and Chapter 5 in the above link

Food Traceability 4.0 refers to the application of fourth industrial revolution (or Industry 4.0) technologies to ensure food authenticity, safety, and high food quality. This paper gives an update on the application of Traceability 4.0 in the fruit and vegetable sector, focusing on relevant Industry 4.0 enablers, especially Artificial Intelligence, the Internet of Things, blockchain, and Big Data. Traceability 4.0 has significant potential to improve quality and safety of many fruits and vegetables, enhance transparency, reduce the costs of food recalls, and decrease waste and loss. A barrier to its implementation is that most of the advanced technologies have not yet gone beyond the laboratory scale, and hence have high implementation costs and lack of adaptability to industrial environments.

Read the full paper