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Shrimp surimi-based products (SSPs) are composed of minced shrimp meat and are highly susceptible to fraudulent substitution by cheaper fish surimi.

This study (open access) employed a double-gene metabarcoding approach to authenticate SSPs sold in bulk (business-to-business) on Chinese e-commerce platforms. 16S rRNA and 12S rRNA genes were amplified and sequenced from 24 SSPs. Mislabeling was evaluated based on the correspondence between the ingredients (only those of animal origin) reported on the products’ labels and the molecular results.

The authors found that 21 of the 24 products were mislabeled. The replacement of Penaeus vannamei with other shrimp species was particularly noteworthy. In some samples the primary species detected in terms of sequence abundance were not shrimp but fish, pork, chicken, and cephalopods. The 12S rRNA sequencing results revealed that fish species like Gadus chalcogrammus, Evynnis tumifrons, and Priacanthus arenatus were added to some SSPs in significant proportions, with certain products relying on fish priced from “Low” to “High” levels to substitute higher-cost shrimp. Notably, many fish species in SSPs were highly vulnerable to fishing, raising sustainability concerns.

The authors conclude that the high mislabeling rate, as well as the detection of endangered fish species (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus), underscores significant quality control and supply chain integrity issues.

Photo by Fernando Andrade on Unsplash

This study (open access) investigated species substitution, mislabeling, and the sustainability of seafood products in the seafood markets of South China. 478 samples were purchased from retail markets in 11 cities across three provinces (Guangxi, Guangdong, and Hainan) between May 2021 and December 2023. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene amplification was used to identify 156 fish species across 105 genera and 60 families. The researchers have published the correlation between genetic and taxonomical details.

The researchers used a combination of morphological and DNA barcoding methods to produce an atlas guide for these 156 economically important fish species.

Molecular identification revealed that 9.6 % (15/156) of fish species were mislabelled, with commercial fraud detected in three processed species: Hilsa kelee, Chelidonichthys kumu, and Argyrosomus japonicus. Some substitutions may have been unintentional.  3.8 % (6/156) of species identified were classified as threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. The study also uncovered an example of illicit cross-border sales of fish products.

The authors conclude that their findings provide a technical reference for effective fish species identification and offer valuable insights into seafood market monitoring.

Photo by Dan Gold on Unsplash

In just a few weeks, from April 6 to June 6, U.S. Customs and Border Protection agriculture specialists assigned to the Los Angeles/Long Beach Seaport, intercepted 19,555 pounds of prohibited pork, chicken, beef and duck products arriving from China.

In the first five months of fiscal year 2020, the interception of prohibited meats from China at the LA/Long Beach Seaport has increased 70% compared with the same period the year before.

Most of the unmanifiested animal products were commingled in boxes of headphones, door locks, kitchenware, LCD tablets, trash bags, swim fins, cell phone covers, plastic cases and household goods in a clear attempt to smuggle the prohibited meats.

According to USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, China is a country affected by African swine fever, classical swine fever, Newcastle disease, foot-and-mouth disease, highly pathogenic avian influenza and swine vesicular disease.

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Food adulteration is a growing concern worldwide. The collation and analysis of food adulteration cases is of immense significance for food safety regulation and research.

Research led by the Chinese Academy of Sciences collected 961 cases of food adulteration between 1998 and 2019 from the literature reports and announcements released by the Chinese government. Critical molecules were manually annotated in food adulteration substances as determined by food chemists, to build the first food adulteration database in China (http://www.rxnfinder.org/FADB-China/). This database is also the first molecular-level food adulteration database worldwide.

Additionally, the researchers propose an in silico method for predicting potentially illegal food additives on the basis of molecular fingerprints and similarity algorithms. Using this algorithm, we predict 1,919 chemicals that may be illegally added to food; these predictions can effectively assist in the discovery and prevention of emerging food adulteration.

The publication of this research has been published in Food Chemistry, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127010   

The FADB-CHINA database has been added to the 'Services' page of the Food Fraud Mitigation section.

In a move that customers have labelled very fishy, the Chinese government has ruled that rainbow trout can now be labelled and sold as salmon.

The seemingly bizarre move comes after complaints earlier this year that rainbow trout was being mislabelled.

In May, media reported that much of what was sold as salmon in China was actually rainbow trout, to widespread consternation from fish-buyers.

But instead of banning vendors from deceiving their customers, the China Aquatic Products Processing and Marketing Alliance (CAPPMA), which falls under the Chinese ministry of agriculture, has ruled that all salmonidae fish can now be sold under the umbrella name of “salmon”, reports the Global Times.

Rainbow trout and salmon are both salmonidae fish and look quite similar when filleted. However, salmon live in salt water and rainbow trout live in fresh water.

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